The existence and uniqueness of solutions were studied for anti-periodic boundary value problem of impulsive fractional differential equation with Caputo fractional derivative.The Green's function of the boundary value problem was calculated by means of the analysis method and the properties of the Green's function were also discussed.The boundary value problem of fractional differential equation was then transformed into an integral operator equation,and by using fixed point theorem and contraction mapping principle,some new results for the existence and uniqueness of the anti-periodic solution for boundary value problem were obtained.In particular,it can be seen the fractional derivative of state variables is involved in both the impulse and boundary conditions of the boundary value problem discussed.