Focusing on the issue of the blocking flow shop scheduling problem (BFSP) where the objective is to minimize the maximam makespan,it is found that present researches have less concerned the learning effect and forgetting effect in production scheduling simultaneously,so,a scheduling model considering learning and forgetting effects of BFSP was established.Combining with the Pairwise-based local search,firefly algorithm was applied to solve the blocking flow shop scheduling problem of small batch production with learning and forgetting effects.Firefly algorithm was tested by Car instances and their scheduling model considering learning and forgetting effects.The massive simulation results indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of the advanced firefly algorithm.Learning effect can reduce the makespan and thus improve the production efficiency while forgetting effect will weaken the learning effect so as to increase the makespan.The influence of learning and forgetting effects in production scheduling is of objective existence and can't be ignored.