A novel rotary piston compressor with double-loop structure was introduced, replacing the conventional reciprocating piston with novel rotary piston, and converting the reciprocating motion of piston into rotary motion.While maintaining the features of wide range of compression ratio and simple manufacturing process, some advantages of other types of compressors with different working mechanisms were also assimilated.The novel compressor with no suction valve and exhaust valve eliminates the conventional compressor piston's moving inertial force and upgrades its application field, The prototype of the novel compressor were designed and tested to verify the feasibility of the compressor working principle, and the test results show that the actual exhaust pressure meets the requirement of design specifications and the exhaust displacement reaches the value beyond the half of the theoretical one.