To study the pathological change and the potential mechanism of ovariectomy with unilateral ureteral obstruction on kidney of mice, the female C57BL/6J mice were divided into a control group and a model group.The kidney samples were obtained in 3 weeks after operation.The paraffin kidney slices were stained by H & E and Masson's Trichrome.The mRNA expressions of fibrotic factors, including TGF-β, CTGF, VEGF and fibronectin, the inflammation factors including MCP-1 and RANTES, and the renin-angiotensin system(RAS)components including renin, renin receptor, AGT, were measured by RT-PCR.The results show that, for the mice of model group, the atrophy of glomerular, the enhancement and inflation of renal tubules, and the tubular interstitial fibrosis can be observed and the mRNA expression of fibronectin, MCP-1, RANTES and renin receptor in kidney are also obviously increased.In conclusion, the ovariectomy combined with unilateral ureteral obstruction may induce the renal fibrosis and inflammation by up-regulating the renin receptor in kidney.