Fuel consumption of automobile is one of the factors that cause air pollution.It is very effective for our environment protection to control the fuel consumption of automobile.According to the theories and methods of system dynamics (SD) and with the help of Vensim software,a SD model for the fuel consumption of automobile in Shanghai was constructed based on the traffic data of Shanghai from 2004 to 2014.The road management level,automobile purchase policy and automobile scrap rate were simulated by the method of control variables.The results show that the road management level is inversely proportional to the fuel consumption of the car and it is most effective for reducing automobile fuel consumption to maintain the number of automobiles between 2.3 million and 2.5 million,and keep the scrap rate between 5.6% and 5.8%.Three schemes were formulated to reduce the fuel consumption of automobile based on the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction in Shanghai,which provided a theoretical support for the policy makers.