The cooperation between enterprises breaks through the geographical, national and cultural constraints under the background of the Belt and Road. In this context, to explore the problem of the evolution of complex dynamic cooperative behaviors among enterprises, the evolutionary game theory was used to analyze the evolution path of dynamic cooperative behaviors based on the knowledge spillover perspective under the premise of bounded rationality and then the mechanism of the choice of enterprise cooperation strategy was studied. The result shows that the strategy selection of both parties is related to the initial payment matrix constructed, and is also related to the initial parameter setting of the payment matrix. Among them, in a certain range, increasing the cooperative income coefficient, reducing the risk of cooperation, and reducing the cost of cooperation are conducive to business cooperation activities to achieve the ultimate goal of win-win cooperation. Finally, relevant policy recommendations were put forward to the government and enterprises according to the results of this study.