Based on the importance of Na and K content control in the pyrolysis and refining of oil and gas from Xinjiang low metamorphic coal, the effect of temperature on the migration and transformation characteristics of alkali metals in reducing atmosphere of Naomaohu coal was investigated by the fixed-bed pyrolysis experimental platform. The results show that Na in the raw coal is mainly in the form of water-soluble state, and K mainly exists in the form of insoluble state. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the char yield decreases rapidly and then decreases slowly and the tar yield increases firstly and then decreases. When the temperature is lower than 600 ℃, the water-soluble Na changes to insoluble state as the pyrolysis temperature increases. However, when the temperature is higher than 600 ℃, the insoluble Na begins to transform into water-soluble Na. Under lower temperature, large numbers of insoluble K are released in the coal, and the content of acid soluble K is on the rise. When the temperature is higher than 600 ℃, the declining rate of insoluble K content becomes slow, and the water soluble K content increases. In addition, the releasing of Na and K mainly exist in the tar, while the contents are relatively less in gas.