The phase change heat transfer of multi-pulse laser irradiated gold thin plates was studied by using a two-dimensional dual temperature model. The position of solid-liquid interface was determined by the equivalent specific heat capacity method and the influence of laser parameters on the heat transfer process was studied. The results show that when the laser illuminates the gold thin plate vertically, the overall temperature of the surface increases continuously, but decreases slightly during the pulse interval, and the temperature peak is slightly delayed compared to that at the center of the laser action. As the laser moves, the temperature at the laser spot will show a peak and then fall back. The lateral change of the heat-affected zone during laser action is larger than the longitudinal one, where the heat transfer from the moving light source to the inside plays a major role. During the pulse interval, the longitudinal change of the heat-affected zone is larger than the lateral one, where the internal heat conduction of the gold thin plate plays a major role. As the laser is irradiating, the melting state extends continuously in the lateral direction, while the depth of melting is also constantly increasing. Increasing the incident pulse laser energy causes the melting time to advance and the melting depth to increase.