In order to study the compaction of coarse-grained soil and the settlement characteristics of high-filled embankment in a central and western region airport, the particle size analysis, heavy-duty compaction tests, maximum dry density, and compression modulus test of coarse-grained soil are carried out. The non-uniform coefficient and compaction parameters of coarse-grained soil were tested and verified. It is found that the compaction degree of the coarse-grained soil has a good correlation with the compressive modulus. The prediction equation of the compressive modulus of the coarse-grained soil is established. Comparing with the experiment data and the measured settlement data from field test, a finite element model with high filling is established. The results show that, the relationship between settlement and filling height of the filling body is exponential power. The higher the filling height, the more significant the influence of soil compactness on the embankment settlement. Based on the settlement data of the finite element model, the relationship between compaction degree, filling height, settlement of high-filled embankment is clarified. Multiple regression equations for settlement of high-filled embankment are established. This provides a quick settlement calculation method for high-filled embankment.