In order to study the influence of government reward and punishment mechanism on the decision-making of closed-loop supply chain, a centralized decision-making model and a decentralized decision-making model of reward and punishment mechanism were established. In the centralized model, remanufacturers were responsible for recycling, while in the decentralized model, remanufacturers share the responsibility of recycling with manufacturers and retailers respectively. The results show that the wholesale price and retail price of new products are equal in decentralized decision-making model. The recovery rate of remanufacturer under the responsibility of recycling is greater than that of manufacturer and retailer. The recovery rate increases with the increase of government rewards and punishments. When the manufacturer, retailer and remanufacturer share the recycling responsibility, the profit increases. The greater the proportion of responsibility for the manufacturer and retailer, the higher the profit.