Under the uncertain environment of market demand and quality level of recycled products, a total profit model for the closed-loop supply chain system was constructed considering CER (corporate environmental responsibility) and government differential weighting subsidy. The fuzzy chance constrained programming method was used to solve the problem of uncertain market demand. The particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) were used to solve the model example comparatively. The results show that: enterprises can formulate optimal recycling, production and sale strategies according to different confidence level combinations of market demand; the system total profit is inversely proportional to the CER investment cost parameter, and the relationship between the average total profit and CER investment level depends on green technology maturity; in order to improve the implementation effect of recycling and remanufacturing, government can set the weight of consumer subsidy between 0.30 and 0.43; enterprises can reasonably arrange recycling and remanufacturing activities according to different government subsidies to improve the total profit; the total profit is more sensitive to different government subsidies compared with the CER investment.