Currently, the treatment of thoracolumbar injuries is mainly based on short segment strong internal fixation, which is easy to cause joint degeneration and other complications. Therefore, a rotatable pedicle screw was designed in this paper and the surgical model was optimized and analyzed by simulation software. Firstly, Mimics, Geomagic, etc was used to reconstruct long and short segment models of human thoracolumbar spine according to human thoracolumbar spine CT images and their range of motion and displacement under different working conditions were analyzed. Then, based on the long-segment thoracolumbar spine model, the internal fixation model was reconstructed. Compared with the traditional surgical screw implantation, the influence of different surgical implants on the therapeutic effect of thoracolumbar spine surgery was explored. As a result, fine-tuning Magerl method is simple and avoids puncture of the vertebrae. Rotating screws can ensure a large range of intervertebral motion and effectively protect postoperative rehabilitation activities of the vertebrae. The establishment of this model provides a new means for the optimization of clinical surgical treatment.