Internal fixation is the most common and effective fracture treatment method and bone plates are the most widely used internal fixation implant in clinical practice. Since fracture healing requires a certain amount of mechanical stimulation, the stiffness of bone plate not only needs to meet the requirements of reduction stability, but also needs to make the fracture bone bear reasonable mechanical stimulation during the healing process. Thus, the structural design of bone plate has a very important impact on healing effect. Starting from the evaluation methods of fracture reduction and healing, the evaluation and analysis methods of fracture reduction stability, fracture healing and remodeling were summarized and analyzed, The basic design requirements of bone plate structure was proposed. Further, according to the design method of bone plate structure, the existing structural forms and design methods of bone plate were analyzed and summarized to provide reference for the design of bone plate which can better meet the needs of fracture healing. Finally, the existing problems in the structural design of bone plate were analyzed, and an ideal design logic of bone plate and the future research focus were put forward.