In order to realize the timeliness of rehabilitation data transmission and the effectiveness of data use, and to ensure that the rehabilitation robot can perform intelligent and personalized rehabilitation training functions, from the perspective of the communication technologies used between rehabilitation robots and their cooperative human-computer interaction systems, the current development status of rehabilitation robot data communication technologies was categorized and reviewed from both wired and wireless aspects. Firstly, the basic features and application methods of existing communication technologies for rehabilitation robots were summarized. Secondly, based on the importance of accuracy and real-time in communication, the limitations of the communication technology application in the case were described and analyzed, and solutions were proposed in conjunction with existing technologies. Then, the applicability, advantages, and disadvantages of both wired and wireless communication technologies of the rehabilitation robot application were summarized. Finally, based on the gap between the existing technology and the desired goal, a solution was proposed to improve the communication technology of the rehabilitation robot.