The process of disease transmission is influenced by the information diffusion and individual behavioral choices, which is relatively complex. To investigate the intrinsic mechanism of various factors on the disease transmission, an interactive evolutionary interlayer coupled transmission model was proposed to analyze the six coupled influence relationships involved in the dynamic process of information diffusion, vaccination behavior and disease transmission. In the information layer of the coupled model, the implication of behavior and disease on the dissemination of information was analyzed. In the behavior layer of the coupled model, the influence of information and disease on the vaccination behavior was examined, and in the disease layer of the coupled model, the impact of information and behavior on the transmission of disease was explored. The micro Markov chain approach (MMCA) was used to analyze the model, and to obtain the coupled state transformation equations and disease prevalence thresholds. The effects of the coupling factor on the disease transmission threshold and the scale of the disease transmission were discussed through simulation experiments. The results indicate that enhancing the diffusion of information and encouraging individuals to get vaccinated are two key factors for better control of disease transmission.