In the exploration mission of the small celestial bodies, the detectors should contend with the unique landform environment of the weathered layer on the planet's surface. However, the multi scale and highly nonlinear complex dynamics between the weathering layer and detectors remained insufficient. Furthermore, the measurement of the impact parameters for detector penetration lacked an appropriate experimental method. To comprehend the penetration scale relationship of the detector during the landing process, a laboratory impact dynamics measurement system based on the magnetic dipole model was proposed. The system's location accuracy was improved through the iterative calibration algorithms and GA-LM optimization algorithm. By applying to the impact experiment on a slope, the penetration depth data in two directions of the impact object was measured. The results show that the iterative calibration algorithm and GA-LM algorithm increased the positioning accuracy of the three axes by an average of 31%, resulting in a final single-axis positioning error of less than 3 mm. Two types of penetration processes under the impact on the slope was revealed, which were the vertical penetration in the Y-direction and the lateral sliding in the Z-direction. The Y-direction vertical penetration followed a power-law relationship with a falling height of 1/3, while the scaling law of the Z-direction sliding displacement was unstable due to the influence of particle layer collapse, resulting in the nonlinear increase in the displacement and falling height.