The feasibility and effectiveness of setting up a dedicated lane for autonomous heavy trucks (intelligent heavy trucks) in a networked vehicle environment were explored. Taking the expressway of Lianggang Avenue in Shanghai as the research scene, by analyzing the actual traffic conditions, the operation rules of the intelligent heavy truck lane under mixed traffic flow in the normal road section were designed, a three-lane cellular automata model was constructed, and the simulation program was developed by Matlab. The simulation results under different connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) penetration conditions were analyzed from the aspects of traffic flow density, flow rate, and average speed. The results show that when the ratio of intelligent heavy trucks is 0.2 and CAV permeability is 0.4-0.7, the effect of setting intelligent heavy truck lanes is significant, and the average speed of the overall traffic flow can be improved. Especially when the CAVs penetration rate reaches 0.6, the best effect is achieved, and the installation of intelligent heavy truck lanes can increase the road capacity by about 23%.