Titanium alloy is widely used to make pedicle screws because of its excellent mechanical and biocompatibility properties. After implantation, the screw is subjected to flexion and extension and lateral bending of the spine, which eventually leads to the loosening or even breaking of the screw and affects the stability of the implantation. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the bending resistance of titanium alloy pedicle screws. The pedicle screws with different structural parameters were designed through single factor and orthogonal experimental analysis. Combined with finite element analysis and mechanical experiments, the three-point bending test was used to simulate and verify the bending resistance of titanium alloy pedicle screws, and the screw structural parameters were optimized. The results showed that the simulation results were consistent with the experimental results, and the influence of the screw structure parameters on the bending performance of the pedicle screw was in the order of outer diameter >thread depth>pitch. The optimal parameters were the screw outer diameter of 5.5 mm, thread depth of 0.65 mm, and pitch of 1.60 mm, which increased the maximum support reaction force by 74.7% compared to the standard pedicle screw.