Using MATLAB programming and invoking the REFPROP thermophysical property database, simulations were conducted on the subcooling refrigeration cycles of six low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants (R32, R161, R600a, R290, R1234ze, R1234yf). The effects of subcooling on refrigeration capacity, coefficient of performance (COP), and compressor power consumption at various condensation and evaporation temperatures were investigated, providing comparative analyses. Relationship equations between subcooling and cycle performance were also derived for the six refrigerants. Results indicate that both refrigeration capacity and COP increase with higher subcooling (within the range of 0-10 ℃). Among the refrigerants, R1234yf exhibited the largest impact of subcooling, while R161 showed the least. Simulation results demonstrated that for every 2 ℃ increase in subcooling, the refrigeration capacity increased by 2.6% and 1.6% respectively for R1234yf and R161. This study addresses the lack of subcooling cycle characteristic data for these six low GWP refrigerants, providing important guidance for the design and operation of mechanical subcooling and ice thermal storage refrigeration systems.